2 publications

2 publications

Carbene in Cupredoxin Protein Scaffolds: Replacement of a Histidine Ligand in the Active Site Substantially Alters Copper Redox Properties

Albrecht, M.; Paradisi, F.

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 130, 10837-10842, 10.1002/ange.201807168

Im Tausch gegen NHC: Die Einfügung eines N‐heterocyclischen Carbenliganden (grün/blau) als Ersatz für His in das aktive Zentrum des Redoxenzyms Azurin rekonstituiert das T1‐Kupferzentrum. Der resultierende Komplex ist spektroskopisch kaum unterscheidbar von der N‐Bindung von His oder N‐Methylimidazol, senkt aber signifikant das Reduktionspotential des Kupferzentrums und erleichtert dadurch Elektronentransferprozesse.


Metal: Cu
Host protein: Azurin
Anchoring strategy: Dative
Optimization: Chemical & genetic
Reaction: Electron transfer
Max TON: ---
ee: ---
PDB: ---
Notes: ---

Library Design and Screening Protocol for Artificial Metalloenzymes Based on the Biotin-Streptavidin Technology

Ward, T.R.

Nat. Protoc. 2016, 11, 835-852, 10.1038/nprot.2016.019

Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) based on the incorporation of a biotinylated metal cofactor within streptavidin (Sav) combine attractive features of both homogeneous and enzymatic catalysts. To speed up their optimization, we present a streamlined protocol for the design, expression, partial purification and screening of Sav libraries. Twenty-eight positions have been subjected to mutagenesis to yield 335 Sav isoforms, which can be expressed in 24-deep-well plates using autoinduction medium. The resulting cell-free extracts (CFEs) typically contain >1 mg of soluble Sav. Two straightforward alternatives are presented, which allow the screening of ArMs using CFEs containing Sav. To produce an artificial transfer hydrogenase, Sav is coupled to a biotinylated three-legged iridium pianostool complex Cp*Ir(Biot-p-L)Cl (the cofactor). To screen Sav variants for this application, you would determine the number of free binding sites, treat them with diamide, incubate them with the cofactor and then perform the reaction with your test compound (the example used in this protocol is 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline). This process takes 20 d. If you want to perform metathesis reactions, Sav is coupled to a biotinylated second-generation Grubbs-Hoveyda catalyst. In this application, it is best to first immobilize Sav on Sepharose-iminobiotin beads and then perform washing steps. Elution from the beads is achieved in an acidic reaction buffer before incubation with the cofactor. Catalysis using your test compound (in this protocol, 2-(4-(N,N-diallylsulfamoyl)phenyl)-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium iodide) is performed using the formed metalloenzyme. Screening using this approach takes 19 d.


Metal: Ir
Ligand type: Cp*; Diamine
Host protein: Streptavidin (Sav)
Anchoring strategy: Supramolecular
Optimization: Chemical & genetic
Max TON: 183
ee: 71
PDB: ---
Notes: Purified streptavidin (mutant K121A)

Metal: Ir
Ligand type: Cp*; Diamine
Host protein: Streptavidin (Sav)
Anchoring strategy: Supramolecular
Optimization: Chemical & genetic
Max TON: 42
ee: 59
PDB: ---
Notes: Cell free extract (mutant Sav K121A) treated with diamide

Metal: Ru
Ligand type: N-heterocyclic carbene
Host protein: Streptavidin (Sav)
Anchoring strategy: Supramolecular
Optimization: Chemical & genetic
Max TON: 66
ee: ---
PDB: ---
Notes: Purified streptavidin (mutant K121A)

Metal: Ru
Ligand type: N-heterocyclic carbene
Host protein: Streptavidin (Sav)
Anchoring strategy: Supramolecular
Optimization: Chemical & genetic
Max TON: 18
ee: ---
PDB: ---
Notes: Cell free extract (mutant Sav K121A immobilised on iminobiotin-sepharose beads)