5 publications

5 publications

Artificial Metalloenzymes as Catalysts for Oxidative Lignin Degradation

Jarvis, A.G.

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 15100-15107, 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03568

We report novel artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs), containing tris(pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA), for the atom economic oxidation of lignin β-O-4 model compounds, using hydrogen peroxide. The protein scaffold alters the selectivity of the reaction from a low yielding cleavage reaction when using the parent Fe-tpa complex to a high yielding benzylic alcohol oxidation when using the complex incorporated into a protein scaffold, SCP-2L A100C. Engineering the protein scaffold to incorporate glutamic acid was found to improve the ArM activity, showing that rational design of the protein environment using metal binding amino acids can be a first step toward improving the overall activity of an artificial metalloenzyme.


Metal: Fe
Anchoring strategy: Cystein-maleimide
Optimization: Chemical & genetic
Reaction: Lignin oxidation
Max TON: 20
ee: ---
PDB: ---
Notes: Reaction performed with a lignin model compound and hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent

Catalyst Design in Oxidation Chemistry; from KMnO4 to Artificial Metalloenzymes

Review

Jarvis, A.G.; Kamer, P.C.J.

Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2014, 22, 5657-5677, 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.002

Oxidation reactions are an important part of the synthetic organic chemist’s toolkit and continued advancements have, in many cases, resulted in high yields and selectivities. This review aims to give an overview of the current state-of-the-art in oxygenation reactions using both chemical and enzymatic processes, the design principles applied to date and a possible future in the direction of hybrid catalysts combining the best of chemical and natural design.


Notes: ---

Engineering Thermostability in Artificial Metalloenzymes to Increase Catalytic Activity

Jarvis, A.G.

ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 3620-3627, 10.1021/acscatal.0c05413

Protein engineering has shown widespread use in improving the industrial application of enzymes and broadening the conditions they are able to operate under by increasing their thermostability and solvent tolerance. Here, we show that protein engineering can be used to increase the thermostability of an artificial metalloenzyme. Thermostable variants of the human steroid carrier protein 2L, modified to bind a metal catalyst, were created by rational design using structural data and a 3DM database. These variants were tested to identify mutations that enhanced the stability of the protein scaffold, and a significant increase in melting temperature was observed with a number of modified metalloenzymes. The ability to withstand higher reaction temperatures resulted in an increased activity in the hydroformylation of 1-octene, with more than fivefold improvement in turnover number, whereas the selectivity for linear aldehyde remained high up to 80%.


Metal: Rh
Ligand type: Phosphine
Anchoring strategy: Covalent
Optimization: Genetic
Reaction: Hydroformylation
Max TON: 415
ee: ---
PDB: 1IKT
Notes: ---

Enzyme Activity by Design: An Artificial Rhodium Hydroformylase for Linear Aldehydes

Jarvis, A.G.; Kamer, P.C.J.

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 129, 13784-13788, 10.1002/ange.201705753


Metal: Rh
Ligand type: Acac; Diphenylphosphine
Anchoring strategy: Cystein-maleimide
Optimization: Chemical & genetic
Reaction: Hydroformylation
Max TON: 409
ee: ---
PDB: ---
Notes: Selectivity for the linear product over the branched product

Palladium in Biological Media: Can the Synthetic Chemist's Most Versatile Transition Metal Become a Powerful Biological Tool?

Review

Jarvis, A.G.

J. Inorg. Biochem. 2021, 215, 111317, 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111317

Palladium catalysed reactions are ubiquitous in synthetic organic chemistry in both organic solvents and aqueous buffers. The broad reactivity of palladium catalysis has drawn interest as a means to conduct orthogonal transformations in biological settings. Successful examples have been shown for protein modification, in vivo drug decaging and as palladium-protein biohybrid catalysts for selective catalysis. Biological media represents a challenging environment for palladium chemistry due to the presence of a multitude of chelators, catalyst poisons and a requirement for milder reaction conditions e.g. lower temperatures. This review looks to identify successful examples of palladium-catalysed reactions in the presence of proteins or cells and analyse solutions to help to overcome the challenges of working in biological systems.


Notes: ---